Flying at Vmd. At this speed the aircraft is flying at the maximum ratio of Lift and Drag, maximizing the potential energy consumption in terms of distance travelled.

On the Warrior, I would perform the following items:

throttle closed mixture closed fuel selector off fuel pump off magnetos off (mayday + 7700 if time permits) and check if fire is out heater defrost off batt alt switches off top door latch unlatch seat belts erect secure and make a forced landing

Downward inclination of a wing from the root to the tip.

36,090ft in ISA

Basic Empty Mass (BEM) is the mass of the aircraft with the basic equipment, unconsumable fluids and unusable fuel and oil.

High lift devices increase the lift produced by a wing, allowing the aircraft to operate at lower speed ranges usually for take off and landing.

When an aircraft climbs, the static pressure in the instrument case decreases, which allows the enclosed capsule to expand.

This in turn moves the needle on the instrument to indicate a corresponding altitude.

During descent, the opposite function applies.

Altimeter errors can originate and vary from:

Instrument Pressure Time-lag Barometric Density Temperature Blocked static port

In Newfoundland. With cold weather density increases, therefore you would pick up a higher mass in Newfoundland.

Induced drag and its wing tip vortices are a direct consequence of the creation of lift by the wing.

Since the Coefficient of Lift is large when the Angle of Attack is large, induced drag is inversely proportional to the square of the speed whereas all other drag is directly proportional to the square of the speed.

The effect of this is that induced drag is relatively unimportant at high speed in the cruise and descent where it probably represents less than 10% of total drag. In the climb, it is more important representing at least 20% of total drag. At slow speeds just after take off and in the initial climb, it is of maximum importance and may produce as much as 70% of total drag.

Finally, when looking at the potential strength of wing tip vortices, all this theory on induced drag must be moderated by the effect of aircraft weight. Induced drag will always increase with aircraft weight.

Nose up